Analysis Of Edgar Allen Poe s The Cask - 1563 Words

Blaine Bowman Mrs. McKay American Literature 10 November, 2015 Gothic Elements in Poe’s Captivating Stories Edgar Allen Poe can be described as a master of gothic literature. Poe enjoyed incorporating the gothic theme into his stories (â€Å"The Cask† 52). The free dictionary website describes gothicism as a style in fictional literature characterized by gloomy settings, violent or grotesque action, and a mood of decay, degeneration, and decadence. Edgar Allen Poe experienced many failures and disappointments throughout the course of his life. The deaths of many loved ones, most of whom died from The Red Death, or Tuberculosis as he called it, inspired him to create both gloomy and frightening stories. Poe s life started out very†¦show more content†¦Poe s The Fall of the House of Usher is a prime illustration of a Gothic horror story† (â€Å"The Fall† 51). The main characters of this short story are Roderick and Madeline Usher. They both have gloomy appearances and are ghastly looking. Roderick and Madeline s appearances are both elements that contribute to th e overall gothic effect of the story. The setting that Poe used to open up the story creates a â€Å"mood of decay.† Poe describes the day as monotonous, gloomy, dusky, and silent with clouds hanging low in the sky as though they were depressed. The house’s walls were desolate and bare, as were the windows. Dead and decaying trees were found throughout the Usher’s yard. This particular setting added a sense of dreariness to the story. Another example of the gothic theme in this short story is included in the description of the Usher house. The house was referred to as a mansion of gloom. From the narrator’s first glance at the Usher family home he had a feeling of â€Å"insufferable gloom† that diffused throughout his being. The Usher’s home aroused feelings of uncertainty and terror inside of the narrator’s conscience. Poe incorporates the gothic theme by adding an implied sense of seclusion and an unclear vision of where the mansion is actually located (55). Many critics call this story a gothic nightmare. This horrific story is one of

Priority Sector Lending in India Free Essays

Definition and more details5 Priority sector: A need5 Priority Sector Target: Financial Reforms Effect6 Effect of reforms on priority sector lending:6 Priority Sector: Specific sector guidelines8 Agriculture8 Small enterprises8 Weaker section:9 Other sectors9 Priority Sector: present status10 Participating Entities : Targets to be met10 Participating Entities : How much is achieved11 Public Sector banks11 Private Sector banks11 Foreign banks12 Participating Entities : penalties in case of failure in achieving the target12 Priority Sector : Advantages12 Priority Sector : Major Issues13 Strategies Ahead13 Exhibits15 References18 INTRODUCTION Priority sector bank lending was mainly started by the government to reach the unbanked areas through regular banks which were till that time not much willing to go to rural and undeveloped areas. It was one most important tool in our financial policy to compel banks to increase their loanable customers. Before independence, banks were mostly privately owned and they used to lend only to the sectors in which they were assured of returns. We will write a custom essay sample on Priority Sector Lending in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to the reports from 1940s, 79% of bank finances were made available to industry and commerce. Of that amount too, around 32% went to large industries of jute, cotton and sugar mills. When looking at the less rosy picture, the advances to agriculture sector stood a meager 4%. Post independence, according to RBI survey of 1954, in 1951-52, of all credit disbursal by credit agencies to cultivators, only 7. 3 % was from institutional credit agencies. Of this small contribution, the part of banks was only 0. 9%. Rest was given by government and cooperative agencies. From this statistics, it is clear that the rest of the credit was availed by the cultivators from non-institutional credit agencies. When the interest rates charged by these agencies was checked, they were found to be usuriously high with professional moneylenders charging 41. 9% interest rate while agricultural moneylenders charged 23. 9% interest rate which was 5-6 times more than the normal bank rate. It shows that if a farmer is getting loan at this interest rate, chances are more that he will never be able to repay it fully and fall in the vicious circle of loans. By getting working capital at such high interest rates, it was equally difficult to breakeven. So, agriculture and small and medium enterprises were in deep need for credit at easy terms. PRIORITY SECTOR DEFINITION AND MORE DETAILS Priority sector and its coverage area kept changing all through these years, mostly due to economic and political pressures. Although its definition can be divided in two parts i. e. pre-reform and post reform period. Pre reform period definition: â€Å"It included agriculture, Small scale industry (including setting up of industrial estates), small road and water transport operators, small business, retail trade, professional and self employed persons, state sponsored organizations for SC/STs, educational loans granted to individuals by banks under schemes, Credit schemes for weaker sections and refinance by sponsor banks to Regional Rural Banks. † About the post reform definition we will talk later in details when dealing in the section about priority sector guidelines. PRIORITY SECTOR: A NEED Population support and employment generation: According to the definition of priority sector it covers about 70% of India’s population by rough estimates. So, by making it mandatory for the banks to lend to priority sector, government is actually trying to cover a big part of population. Priority sector mostly includes agriculture and allied sector which employs largest number of people in ou r country. †¢Freedom from non-institutional credit: The priority sector cut out by government was mostly the one which was earlier taking loans from non-institutional sources and was always indebted because of usurious rates of interest. By creating priority sector lending, it was tried to make institutional credit available to a bigger section, at affordable interest rates. †¢Willingness of banks: Most of the banks were not willing to lend to this sector because of the risk involved here as well as more paperwork required to lend smaller loans to large number of people. They were happy lending to urban sector which was more reliable and trustworthy. They preferred lending to industry, commerce, trade and securities as their traditional loanees and who were supposed to default less. Location of banks: Banks were earlier situated mostly in urban area where the business was and so, it was geographically also difficult for them to lend to rural and backward areas where there was no banking network earlier. It was difficult to know about the credit history of borrower and the potential ability of loaned to repay the loan as well as potential of the project for which loan was to be given. So, they were skeptical abou t loaning to those sectors. †¢Institutional credit: By allowing priority sector credit to flow, RBI and government actually allowed large amount of institutional credit to flow in this area. So, as it became mandatory for the banks to complete certain target for priority sector, they started searching for viable projects and loaners who can successfully repay the loan. For this to happen branches were opened in rural areas and people were encouraged to take loan from banks. Many people availed loan under priority sector lending and got involved in successful enterprises. PRIORITY SECTOR: FINANCIAL REFORMS EFFECT After financial sector reforms, priority sector lending underwent lots of change. As earlier, it was only focused towards weaker and rural section of society but afterwards it included many new sectors as well as the definition of earlier sectors was widened to include more areas in them: Priority sector targets are: Table 1: Priority Sector Targets to be achieved by Banks Before 1991 After 1991 Total priority sector credit 40% of net bank credit 40% of net bank credit Agricultural credit 18% of net bank credit 18% of net bank credit Weaker section credit 10% of net bank credit 10% of net bank credit Export credit – 12% of net bank credit for foreign banks SSI credit – 10% of net credit for foreign banks Source: Reserve Bank of India Banking norms EFFECT OF REFORMS ON PRIORITY SECTOR LENDING: A chorological sequence of changes in priority sector lending policy is given below which show how the definition of priority sector has changed in all these years: 1. 1992-1993: In the light of reforms, and many new industries coming up in all sectors, government and RBI decided to help out industry with credit facilities and asked banks to fulfill demand of small scale industries upto Rs. 100 lakh limit for setting institutional framework to rejuvenate potentially viable small scale industry units. . 1993-1994: The overall target of net bank credit to be given for priority sector remained unchanged but the direct and indirect target for lending to agricultural sector was clubbed together to make a sub target of 18% for agricultural lending. But, in this system also, the indirect lending was not supposed to extend one-fourth of the total sub target. Lending above this in indirect lending, was n ot to be considered in priority sector lending. At least 40% of total credit was supposed to go to small scale and khadi and village industries within limit of Rs. 5 lakh. Foreign banks were asked to revise their priority sector advance target from 10% to 32%. Two more sectors were included in that i. e. advances to small-scale industries and export sector were made with each being 10%. 3. 1995-1996: In case of any shortfall in PSL (agricultural sector), banks were required to contribute to Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF), which was set up under NABARD, the maximum of which was 1. 5 % of bank’s net credit. Shortfall in case of other areas, they were required to provide Rs. 1000 crores for financing in Khadi and Village Industries Commision (KVIC). All the refinances which was done to RRBs by the banks was now to be considered under priority sector lending. 4. 1996-1997: In this year Union Budget provided Rs. 2500 crore for RIDF fund. Export credit target increased from 10% to 12% in this year. Credit advanced to priority sector increased this year very much. From the last year numbers, it increased from 30. 37% of net bank credit to 32. 4%. 5. 1997-1998: The scope of priority sector lending was increased for road and water transport operators, with number of eligible vehicles increasing from ‘not more than six’ to ‘not more than ten’. The credit limit for housing in rural and urban areas also increased upto Rs. 5 lakh. 6. 1998-1999: In this year, the interest rate subsidy for loan in PSL was taken away on the argument that now priority sector lending is also commercially viable for banks. Banks were also given the option to invest the PSL shortfall by lending to NABARD/SIDBI, so the restriction of not lending to profitable sector was slowly being taken away. 7. 1999-00: Banks were asked to lend to NBFCs and MFIs under priority sector, to enable them to lend to rural and weaker section. INSTITUTIONAL AND NON-INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT IN INDIA Before independence, the credit which was available to farmers was just non-institutional credit or in other words private money lenders. But, after independence, government took major steps to uproot this problem which was eating up the poor population and was hampering with the country’s economic growth. In 1951, institutional credit accounted to 92. 7% of the total credit availed (Refer Graph-1) where as all these reforms positively impacted the credit scenario in India making the Non-institutional credit accounted to be 38. % in the year 2002. Graph 1: Trend of Institutional and Non-institutional credit in India PRIORITY SECTOR: SPECIFIC SECTOR GUIDELINES AGRICULTURE 1. Direct finance: Finance given to individual farmers (including SHG JLG) for agricultural and allied activities are included under this sector. This includes short-term loans for raising crops, advances upto 10 lakh against pledge of agricultural produce f or maximum 12 months period, working capital and term loans, for purchase of land, to indebted distressed farmers, for pre and post harvest activities. Loans given to partnerships, corporate and institutions for agricultural activities, and upto 1 crore for most of the activities mentioned above also come under direct finance. 2. Indirect finance: It covers vast range i. e. corporate, Primary agricultural Credit societies, Farmers service societies, Large sized Adivasi Multi Purpose Societies, cooperative societies, and for the construction of warehouse, agricultural input dealers, arthias, NCDC, NBFCs, NGOs, MFIs, RRBs and overdraft upto 25000 for no-frills account in rural and semi-urban areas. SMALL ENTERPRISES 1. Direct finance: a. For manufacturing enterprises, for small enterprises the upper cap for taking loans is less than 5 crores, while for micro enterprises it is upto 25 lakh only. b. For service enterprises, for small enterprises it is upto 2 lakh, while for micro enterprises it is only 10 lakh. c. For khadi and village industries it is upto 60% of small enterprise segment. 2. Indirect finance: a. It is made available for the person involved in marketing activities of artisans, village and cottage industries. b. Under this Loans made by NABARD, SIDBI and commercial banks to NBFCs and cooperatives involved in this sector also come. WEAKER SECTION: In weaker section, small and marginal farmers with less than 5 acres land holding, landless labourers, artisans, village and cootage industries, beneficiaries of SGSY, SC, ST, DRI, SJSRY, SLRS, self help groups, distressed poor, minority communities etc are included. They are given loans under priority sector loans. OTHER SECTORS Retail trade : Retailers involved in essential commodities, consumer co-operative stores, private retail traders, upto the limit of Rs. 20 lakh. Micro-credit : For poor indebted borrower of non-institutional credit, it is given against collateral or group security. The upper limit for it is upto Rs. 50000 per borrower. State sponsored organization: It is for scheduled castes/tribes for extending credit for purchase of input or for marketing of output. Education: Within India the maximum cap for education loan granted is 10 lakh, while outside India it is 20 lakh. It is applicable for individuals as well as NBFCs. Housing: a. For purchase and construction of houses, the maximum loan allowed is 20 lakh. b. For repair of houses, the maximum loan allowed is 1 lakh in rural India and 2 lakh in urban areas. c. For government agencies for construction of dwelling units, or for slum dwellers, upto a maximum of Rs. 5 lakh is allowed. PRIORITY SECTOR: PRESENT STATUS PARTICIPATING ENTITIES: TARGETS TO BE MET The Reserve Bank of India from time to time has issued a number of guidelines/instructions/directives to banks in lending credit to Priority sector. In priority sector various banks that are involved are- public and private sector bank under domestic banks and foreign banks. There are separate targets to be met for all the banks which are set by the RBI. RBI issues a master circular containing all the guidelines for incorporation of priority sector lending. If the targets are not met, then various penalties are to be borne by them. The targets set for the domestic and foreign banks working in India are already mentioned before in Table-1. The total advances that a domestic bank has to offer for the priority sector is 40% where as for foreign banks working in India is 32 %. These advances are further bifurcated into the advances provided to agricultural sector, small scale industries (SSI), export credit and weaker sections. However, domestic banks don’t have to contribute to SSI and foreign banks don’t have to contribute to agricultural advances and weaker sections. Over the years, the advances provided to this sector are increasing in gross value and some other sectors like education, housing, retail trade which were not the part of this sector previously were also included. The trend observed during the last three years is explained in the graph provided below. In the year 2006, the advances offered by the public sector banks were Rs. 409. 745 thousand crores where as private sector provided Rs. 06. 556 thousand crores. Then in year 2008, these advances increased to Rs. 605. 965 thousand crores and Rs. 165. 225 thousand crores by public and private sector bank respectively. This marked a growth rate of 48% in public sector and 53. 5 % in private sector. Source: Reserve Bank of India- Trend and Progress of Indian Banking 2008-09 The share of various sectors i. e. agriculture, SSI, education, housing have also registered a change as shown in the figure given below. The share of advances provided to agriculture sector is more or less same where as the dvances provided to SSI has been replaced by small enterprises, housing and education where housing accounted for 30% of the advances and education accounted for 25% of the advances. Source: Reserve Bank of India- Trend and Progress of Indian Banking 2008-09 The rationale of including these sectors was to provide the holistic development to the poor people. It was understood that it’s not just the credit requirement which has to be fulfilled but also the education which would ensure the socio-economic development of the society. In all, those sectors which can impact large section of populations are to be a part of priority sector. But, how efficiently are banks able to achieve these set targets – is still questionable. PARTICIPATING ENTITIES: HOW MUCH IS ACHIEVED PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS Exhibit-1 shows the targets achieved by public sector bank. The public sector banks were able to meet the target of 40% till 2005-06 but in 2007 they fell short by 0. 7%. There were 28 banks in total, out of which- seven banks failed to achieve the target (Allahabad Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Syndicate Bank, IDBI Ltd. , State Bank of India, State Bank of Mysore and State Bank of Patiala). However, only 8 banks were able to meet target of agricultural lending and only 7 for weaker sections. PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS Exhibit-2 shows the targets achieved by private banks in lending to the priority sector. Out of 26 private sector banks, four banks (Bank of Rajasthan Ltd. , Centurian Bank of Punjab Ltd. , Jammu and Kashmir Bank Ltd. and Karnataka Bank Ltd. ) didn’t achieve the target as stipulated for the priority sector lending. However, only three banks were successful in meeting agricultural credit target and no bank met the target for weaker sections. FOREIGN BANKS Exhibit-3 shows the targets achieved by foreign banks in lending to the priority sector. Out of 29 foreign banks working in India five banks (Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Citi Bank, HSBC Ltd. and Mizuho Corporate Bank) did not achieve the target. However, only Seven banks (Bank of Nova Scotia, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Citi Bank, HSBC Ltd. , JP Morgan Chase Bank, Mizuho Corporate Bank and Shinhan Bank) were not able to achieve SSI target and three banks (American Express Bank, Bank International Indonesia and Mizuho Corporate Bank) were not able to achieve the export credit target. The banks which failed to achieve the target have to pay the penalties decided by the RBI. PARTICIPATING ENTITIES: PENALTIES IN CASE OF FAILURE IN ACHIEVING THE TARGET DOMESTIC BANKS Domestic banks which fail to achieve the target have to contribute to Rural Infrastructure development Fund (RIDF) established with NABARD or funds with other financial institutions, as specified by RBI by giving them one month’s notice. The particulars of this fund are decided in the beginning of financial year. Interest rate and period of deposit are also to be decided by RBI. FOREIGN BANKS Foreign banks which fail to achieve the target have to contribute to Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) or funds with other financial institutions, as specified by RBI . The particulars of this fund are decided in the beginning of financial year. Interest rate and period of deposit are also to be decided by RBI. Non-achievement of meeting the priority sector targets are considered while granting regulatory approvals for various purposes. PRIORITY SECTOR: ADVANTAGES 1. Financial Inclusion – It provided credit availability for small-marginal farmers, and to those sections which were previously deprived of taking any credit from the institutions. 2. Previously because of high default rate amongst the weaker sections,the institutions were reluctant to give credit to those people which forces the farmers or the weaker people to go to the money-lenders who charged them high rate of interests (varying between 10% to 50%). Mandatory lending to priority sector has eradicated this problem and ensured advances by the institutions. 3. Poverty Alleviation – If the timely credit is provided to small households, they can give more inputs to their produces which will result in better productivity. In effect agricultural GDP grows, which helps in upliftment of both the primary and secondary sector which are dependent on small scale industries and agriculture, directly or indirectly. It generates more employment, hence, resulting in poverty alleviation. 4. Social Inclusion – Poorer sections previously were deprived of participating in various community activities. The rise in their livelihood has given them a strong support to participate in various social activities. PRIORITY SECTOR: MAJOR ISSUES 1. High Non-performing assets – Since borrowers are not able to repay the loan on time, have created a fear in the banks and provoke them to make slow disbursement of loans. 2. Quantitative targets –Since, the stringent targets has been set by RBI, this has resulted in lowering the quality of delivering targets. 3. Government interference – Due to the regional Government intervention, the more influential people get the loan, and the poorer still get ignored. So, rich gets more richer. 4. Transaction cost – Handling disbursement of huge quantity of small loans requires more time and labor. 5. Low absorption of credits -This occurs due to lack of capital infrastructure in agriculture and other small scale industries. 6. Low Profitability -Low rate of interest charged from the borrowers makes this sector vulnerable. STRATEGIES AHEAD 1. Initiatives by Government a) Recovery of Non-Performing Assets †¢Establishing Debt-recovery tribunals – this will act as a mediator between the bank and borrower and will help bank in better recovery from the borrowers. †¢Internal audit before sanctioning of loan should be done. b)Strengthen the cooperative bank network to increase credit advances to the farmers. c)Link crop-insurance with loan amount. This mitigates the risk for Lender and borrower. d)Promote group lending to people – group lending develops a collective responsibility amongst the borrowers which decreases the default rate. e)Government need to promote rigorous extension activities for promoting modern agricultural techniques for increasing production. f)Strict actions needs to be taken against the banks for not meeting the priority sector criteria. 2. Initiatives by Bank a)Banks should increase the term and delay the installments under term loan in case the borrowers are not able to repay in time. b)They should not charge compound interest on the loan amount. In a nutshell, Government need to strengthen backward and forward linkage both to provide inputs, increase productivity and develop markets. EXHIBITS Exhibit 1: Target achieved by Public Sector banks Exhibit 2: Target achieved by Private Banks Exhibit 3: Target achieved by foreign banks REFERENCES †¢Priority Sector lending information (2010). Retrieved on August 4, 2010 from-http://www. rbi. org. in/scripts/FAQView. aspx? Id=8 †¢Trends, issues and strategies (2010). Retrieved on Aug 5, 2010 from-http://www. academicjournals. org/jat/PDF/Pdf2009/December/Uppal. pdf †¢Planning Commission reports on labour and employment (2010). Retrieved on Aug 5, 2010 from-http://books. google. co. in/books? id=qOOmWsfqfe4Cpg=PA96lpg=PA96dq=priority+sector+lending+appraisalsource=blots=HZTEbRCSVosig=QtcebyqWJ5xWqkZ_TMdmPzCp4-4hl=enei=KbFaTLK7DISXrAe9u52-DAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=9ved=0CEsQ6AEwCA#v=onepageqf=false †¢All India Debt and Investment Surveys (2002). Retrieved on August 6 ,2010 from- http://www. rbi. org. in/scripts/BS_SpeechesView. aspx? Id=298 †¢Trend and Progress of Indian Banking 2008-09 (2009). Retrieved on August 6, 2010 from- http://www. rbi. org. in/scripts/AnnualPublications. aspx? head=Trend%20and%20Progress%20of%20Banking%20in%20India How to cite Priority Sector Lending in India, Papers

Travel Expense Deductibility Free Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Advise Jim on the Deductibility of Travel Costs in respect of the following travel. 1.Driving from his office in the CBD to another court located in a suburb in Sydney and then driving home; 2.Driving from his office in the CBD directly to the farm in Cooma, with 4 big folders of file he intend to review there; 3.Driving from office in the CBD to home and then to the farm in Cooma. Answer: The key intent is to opine on the travel cost deduction that could be availed by Jim whose profession in a barrister but also has a farm which also produces assessable income. As per s. 25-100, ITAA 1997 in order to gain deductions with regards to travel expense, namely two conditions outlined below have to be fulfilled[1]. The presence of the taxpayer at the initial location must be associated with commercial or income producing activity.Further, after the taxpayer has shifted to a new location, then for the new location also, associated with commercial or income producing activity is imperative. Additionally, s. 25-100(3) states that tax deduction is not valid is either the source or the destination is the residence of the given individual[2]. Scenario 1: In the given case, Jim starts from Sydney CBD based office to a court located in suburb of Sydney. The travel expense deduction is not applicable in this case as Jim has finished his work after attending the court proceedings goes to his home as per s. 25-100(4). Also, the travel from the court to the home(destination) would not result in deductible expense as per tax ruling IT 112 and also the verdict of the Lunney and Hayley v FC of T[3] case along with s. 25-100(3), ITAA 1997[4]. Scenario 2: In this scenario, Jim travels from his office in Sydney to the farm located in Comma and he has not yet finished his work due to which some pending work, he has brought at the farm also. It is evident that both the locations i.e. source and destination tends to produce assessable income while being unrelated. Thus, in accordance with s.25-100(1), ITAA 1997 and also the decision in Commissioner of Taxationv Payne[5]case, it is evident that the travel expense would be deductible for tax purpose. Scenario 3: The given details indicate the Jim travelled from his office to home. Then, he travelled to his farm at Cooma which is used to produce commercial income. It is apparent that in one of the cases the destination is the residence and in the other residence is the source. Thus, as per tax ruling IT 112 and also the verdict of the Lunney and Hayley v FC of T[6] case along with s. 25-100(3), ITAA 1997, the travel expenses would not be held tax deductible[7]. Bibliography Commissioner of Taxationv Payne[2001] HCA 3 Lunney and Hayley v FC of T (1958) 100 CLR 478 Stephen, Barkoczy, Foundation of Taxation Law 2015 Barkoczy,Stephen, Foundation of Taxation Law 2015, (North Ryde, CCH, 2015), 87-88Ibid. 1 Lunney and Hayley v FC of T (1958) 100 CLR 478Ibid.1 Commissioner of Taxationv Payne[2001] HCA 3Ibid. 3Ibid,1

Jewish Identity in America

In his article â€Å"Identity and Jewish Education†, Cohen (2008) postulates that sociologists determine Jewish identity according to the three B’s components: â€Å"Belief, Behavior, and Belonging† (p.75). I was born in a secular family of four children. However, my father used to attend synagogue only on major holidays, to be part of our Jewish community or so I think; or as Cohen describes it, to feel a sense of belonging.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jewish Identity in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In regard to Jewish behavior, I strongly remember a powerful memory of a Jewish ritual that happened twenty nine years ago. I was just ten years old when my dad’s mother died. The picture I had in my sad sobbing eyes will stay with me forever. I remembered my father sitting on the floor and crying; the top part of his shirt was torn in the middle. Both my mother and my sist er were sitting on the bed with red puffy eyes. As soon as my mom noticed my presence, she got closer to me and hugged me. She told me that my dad’s mother â€Å"turned to be a butterfly and that she is flying towards her freedom now.† Only later I knew that my dad’s torn shirt was a symbol of a Jewish tradition ‘mourner custom’ for the death of a first close relation. Nevertheless, my beliefs, in regard to Judaism, have changed dramatically throughout my life span. When I was fifteen years old, my parents made a decision, which set me into deep thinking for the next few years. They embraced the Jewish culture with such devotion that I could clearly tell they had strongly decided to keep a distinct boundary between the Jewish laws and the outside world. The death of my brother’s father in-law prompted my older brother as well as my parents to make the decision. The rabbi, who presided over the mourning period, argued them to become staunch Je ws in a bid to make my brother’s father in-law enter heaven. As a teenager, I was furious and mostly afraid to change my lifestyle. I thought that the rabbi was taking advantage of my parents at such a moment to pull them out of their secular way of life. Consequently, due to the rabbi’s advice coupled with a seven days seminar called ‘Arachim’, my parents turned to be very sacred. The rest of us did not want to be associated with the idea. Nevertheless, despite my parents’ acceptance of the change, they did not drag us into it probably because they thought they would force us to hate and shun our Jewish identity altogether. In his article â€Å"The Jews Within,† Cohen’s suggests that â€Å"the death, or divorce, of a spouse seems linked with further declines in Jewish activity in the home or community,† however, my personal experience, as I described above, thought me differently.Advertising Looking for essay on history? L et's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Following my parents change of faith, I strongly resented any activity concerning the Jewish rituals. Even though my parents tried to convince me to participate in some activities, I still could not change my opinion. I felt that the ‘Halacha’ took my parents away from me, because it demands a strict behavior. Cohen (2000) postulates that â€Å"Sabbath is another area of practice that requires attention and resolution† (p. 61). I, definitely, can identify with this statement. For one thing, my parents were no longer able to drive on Sabbath. In addition, my brothers and I were forced to participate in the ‘Kidush’ on Friday evenings; for a teenager, it was quite a problematic situation since I was supposed to have joined my friends, but instead I had to stay at home. Lastly, since my mother would not allow cooking or making a fire during the Sabbath, we were always und er pressure and stress to prepare dinner right in time.  I can also remember a specific event that caused a huge argument between my parents and me. It was during the Sabbath following the birth of my eldest son. My father, among other parents, asked God to bless my newly born child. Before the event, I was told by my parents to not give a name before my baby’s circumcision. I remember asking my father the reason behind this request, however, he was reluctant to answer me. I was so upset with this requirement since I did not understand the logic behind it. It was only after the rabbi’s teaching that day, that I learnt a lot about the naming of children according to the Jewish law. According to the ‘Halacha’, the naming of boys occurs eight days after they are born; that is, during their circumcision. On the other hand, naming of girls occurs on the Sabbath following their birth. I have also observed this in the naming of my youngest twins. In addition, i n providing chairs to the participants of the circumcision of my son, I realized that my mother had provided an extra seat. As if this was not enough, she also provided some wine, which she said was for the little baby. I wondered how my mother could give wine to such an innocent infant though I did not give it much thought. Once the ceremony was over, I did not hesitate to ask my mother about the significance of the extra seat and the wine. She told me that the extra seat signified the presence of Elijah. It is meant for the continuation, or rather for the propagation, of the Jewish faith in all generations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jewish Identity in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Concerning the wine, she explained that she gave a few drops to the baby to relief his pain. I also learnt about the role of the ‘minyan’, ‘sandek’, in the early life of my baby boy. I was s urprised to find out, at the age of twenty seven, not only about naming of Jewish children, but also the practice of circumcision. As cited in Cohen’s article (2000),  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦women have been more involved in the intimate aspects of their families than men  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Jewishly committed fathers, in contrast with jewishly committed mothers, emerge as  principled, learned, educationally oriented, and involved in synagogue life. Mothers are  remembered for their immediate relationship with the children and other family members, for their greater responsibility for the home, holidays, and kashrut (pp.55-56). My mother played her role as a Jewish parent to educate me on the significance of our traditions in the Jewish society. I made sure that I followed every bit of it during my adulthood.  My paternal grandmother has also played a pivotal role in shaping my Jewish identity. Whenever I visited her, she could shower me with advice on how to maintain the integrity of the Jewis h culture. I remember her comforting nature during my youth stage; she once told me that it is normal for young people to neglect the Jewish laws in their attempt to appear sophisticated or ‘civilized’ especially in the eyes of their friends who do not follow the religion. Similarly, Cohen (2000) postulates that:  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Jewish religious activities decline in the late teen years, (as does religious activity among other groups). It begins to climb again with marriage and jumps upward even more sharply with the arrival of children and, in particular, when the first child reaches elementary-school age (p. 45).  Clearly, my grandmother was right because, as I mentioned before, I was struggling to maintain my identity especially during my high school education I began participating in much Jewish’s activities, literally, a few years after my marriage, in particular after my arrival to the U.S. My husband and I came to New York 9 years ago. Similarly, to the Jewish immigrants that are presented in the movie â€Å"Hester Street† directed by Silver in 1975, we also decided to come in order to look for opportunities to fulfill ourselves. However, it was not until the birth of our twins that we decided to embrace the Jewish culture; it was our choice. Moreover, in order to serve as good role models for our children, my husband and I started going to the synagogue in our Jewish holidays, which we did not attend before as an adult.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Though there are moments that I feel so inadequate compared to my community, I know that I have done my best to maintain the Jewish culture for the sake of my children. In referring to first theme in ‘The Rise of the Sovereign Self, inalienability of being Jewish’: Cohen posits, â€Å"No matter what I do or don’t do, no matter what I believe or don’t believe, I’m still a Jew, and a good Jew – and no one can alienate me from my valid claims to identify as a Jew† (2008, p. 78). Last but not least, my military service has also been instrumental in shaping my Jewish identity. It has been a privilege to serve as a secretary of the Psychologist of the Grand Commander in the Israeli military. Saluting my country’s flag, as a Jew, has made me self-righteous of my identity. But before I close, it is important to note that, while visiting the National Museum of American Jewish History, I was stunned and excited to read these lines:  "For more than 350 years, Jews have benefited from the freedoms and opportunities of America, and America has benefited from the work, creativity, and talents of Jews† (‘National Museum of American Jewish History’). It is needless to tell what I felt in that moment. Not only do I feel proud of being Jewish, but I also strongly believe that with the help of all other Jews, we shall be able to uphold the Jewish culture in many ways in the future of the United States, as well as of Israel. Unfortunately, as Cohen laments, â€Å"Jewish social ties (Marriage, friendship, neighbors, institutional belonging, attachment to Israel and the Jewish people) are in decline, as is, more generally, Jewish ethnicity and collective identity† (2000, p.82). This sad but true and sincere observation threatens our very resolve to uphold the Jewish culture especially in the US. However, as for now, we shall do our best to maintain our roots that run deep into the Jewish culture. References Cohen, S. (2000). The Jew Within: Self, Family, and Community in America. Bloomington:  Indiana University Press. Cohen, S. (2008). Identity and Jewish education. In R. Goodman, A. P. Flexner, L. D. Bloomberg, L. D. (Eds.), What we know about Jewish Education: Prospectives on Research for Practice (pp. 75-82) Los Angeles: Torah Aura Productions. National Museum of American Jewish History. Choices and Challenges of Freedom,  1945-Today Silver, J., dir. (1975). Hester Street. USA: Midwest Films. This essay on Jewish Identity in America was written and submitted by user Alanna Ratliff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

pain assesment essays

pain assesment essays Running head: PAIN ASSESSMENT IN YOUNG CHILDREN The Wisconsin Childrens Hospital Pain Scale for Preverbal Children: A Descriptive Study Experiences of Nurses Using the University of Wisconsin Childrens Hospital Pain Scale for Preverbal Children: A Descriptive Study Most patients in the hospital setting experience pain. Pain is a subjective phenomenon that varies from person to person. The most relied upon indicator of pain is a patients verbal report of the pain, but what happens when the patient cannot verbalize his pain? This is the case with infants and other nonverbal patients. They experience pain but are unable to tell a nurse where it hurts, how it hurts, and the intensity to which it hurts. OConner-Von (2000) stated "if self-report is not available, physiologic or behavioral measures must be used" (p. 1), and "nurses are the key health care personnel responsible for continuous assessment in children in the health care setting" (p. 1). Nurses need a reliable and continuous means of pain assessment for the preverbal population. A study of the pediatric pain practices of national health professionals showed that only twenty percent of the sample used a behavioral assessment scale (Broome, Richtsmeier, Maikler, s report as to whether or not the patient was in pain. While this method of pain assessment can be accurate, it can also vary widely between nurses as no two nurses have the same perception or as...

Bad Reasons to Enroll in an Online College

Bad Reasons to Enroll in an Online College If you’re thinking about enrolling in an online college, make sure that you’re doing it for the right reasons. A lot of new enrollees sign up, pay their tuition, and are disappointed that their online classes aren’t what they expected. There are definitely some good reasons for wanting to become an online student, such as the ability to balance school and family, the chance to earn a degree while continuing work, and the opportunity to enroll in an out-of-state institution. But, enrolling for the wrong reason can lead to frustration, lost tuition money, and transcripts that make transferring to another school a challenge. Here are some of the worst reasons to enroll in an online college: You Think It Will Be Easier If you think that earning an online degree is going to be a piece of cake, forget about it. Any legitimate, accredited program is held to strict standards regarding the content and rigor of their online courses. Many people actually find online classes more challenging because without a regular in-person class to attend it can be difficult to find the motivation to stay on track and keep up with the work. You Think It Will Be Cheaper Online colleges aren’t necessarily cheaper than their brick-and-mortar counterparts. While they don’t have the overhead of a physical campus, course design can be costly and finding professors that are good at teaching and technologically competent can be a challenge. It’s true that some legitimate online colleges are very affordable. However, others are twice as much as comparable brick-and-mortar schools. When it comes to comparing colleges, judge each institution individually and keep an eye out for hidden student fees. You Think It Will Be Faster If a school offers you a diploma in just a few weeks, you can rest assured that you’re being offered a piece of paper from a diploma mill and not an actual college. Using a diploma mill â€Å"degree† is not only unethical, but it is also illegal in many states. Some legitimate online colleges will help students transfer credits or earn credit based on the exam. However, accredited colleges won’t let you breeze through classes or get credit based on unproven â€Å"life experience.† You Want to Avoid Interacting With People While it’s true that online colleges have less personal interaction, you should realize that most quality colleges now require students to work with their professors and peers to some degree. In order for colleges to receive financial aid, they must offer online classes that include meaningful interaction rather than serve as online versions of mail correspondence courses. That means you can’t expect to just turn in assignments and get a grade. Instead, plan on being active on discussion boards, chat forums, and virtual group work. You Want to Avoid All of the General Education Requirements Some online colleges are marketed towards working professionals that want to avoid taking courses like Civics, Philosophy, and Astronomy. However, in order to keep their accreditation, legitimate online colleges must require at least a minimal amount of general education courses. You may be able to get away without that Astronomy class but plan on taking the basics like English, Math, and History. Telemarketing One of the worst ways decide to attend an online college is to give in to the continual calls of their telemarketing campaigns. Some of the less reputable colleges will call dozens of times to encourage new enrollees to sign up over the phone. Don’t fall for it. Make sure that you do your research and feel confident that the college you choose is right for you. The Online College Promises You Some Sort of Goodies Free GED courses? A new laptop computer? Forget about it. Anything that a college promises you in order to get you to enroll is simply added to the price of your tuition. A school that promises tech toys should probably receive quite a bit of scrutiny before you hand over your tuition check.

MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING - Case Study Example Moreover, there are many suppliers to supply the needs of the industry. The industry is boosted by scenic views and rugged coastline of the Bahamas that attracts tourists. The country also offers attractive terms and an enabling environment to boost tourism terms in the country. The company relies mostly on experienced divers for business. However, the company is designing packages for families to increase their customer base. The point implies that the number of clients who visit its resorts determines the company revenues. The business depend on foreign tourism. The situation implies that the international environment affects the industry. Factors such as economic recession and conflicts derail international travel thereby hindering tourism in the country. The profitability of the company is on an upward trend. The profit margin ratio shows an increase from a ratio of 0.06 in 2005 to 0.07 in 2007. However, a sudden shock in 2006 causes a sharp fall in profits. Students should be able to comment on how each of the 5 factors below, which are typically directly or indirectly, an issue in the case are factors within the context of the case and are effecting the performance of the

Principles of Good Corporate Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Principles of Good Corporate Governance - Essay Example Corporate governance is a complex amalgamation of legal, moral and economic/financial issues closely associated with financial scandals, concerns of stakeholders, and social/environmental activism, all rolled up in one. It raises several critical concerns regarding the manner in which the organizations must operate; the moral/ethical responsibilities of companies towards the stakeholders; the financial responsibilities towards their directors and shareholders; and ways to uphold the interests in the larger benefit of the society/community. However, one of the most crucial aspects of corporate governance is to ascertain that the individuals in the organization are held morally accountable for their business practices or their actions and repercussions of the same, towards the society (Colley, 2003, Pp. 13 - 18). The Body Shop – a company with activism as a part of its DNA is a prime example of companies, with ethics as one of its core business practices. The company gave prime importance to a range of social issues through its campaigns - such as the one against human rights abuses; policies in favor of animal and environmental protection; its commitment to society through charity etc., to name a few. It was one of the few commercial organizations which revolutionized the corporate world, through the incorporation of ethical principles as a part of its core business practices (Witcher, Chau, 2010, Pp. 43 - 45). The company was taken over by a leading cosmetics brand, L’Oreal, with drastically different business practices, in the year 2006. As opposed to The Body Shop, L’Oreal on the other hand, involved in animal testing, which caused a furor among animal rights activist, in the process giving bad repute to the trusted brand. Positive and negative lessons learned from these business practices and approaches One of the key lessons learned, from the case of The Body Shop is the fact that contrary to popular opinion, hard-core commercial organi zations, as opposed to not-for-profit organizations, can also implement socially relevant business practices, which have the greater interests of the community at large. The company successfully implemented such principles during the 1990s thus, revolutionizing the profit-oriented and highly commercial competitive corporate world. Furthermore, it is also reaffirmed that the contemporary corporate world, must seek to pursue social and environmental issues, and be more stakeholder-oriented in their approach, rather than profit-seeking, stockholder oriented one. The 21st century has given rise to a phenomenon called ethical consumerism. The consumers today are far more aware of social and environmental issues and are highly active in defending their rights. Companies which tend to ignore their interests might have to face a mass boycott of their products, as is observed in several instances in the past such as the case of Nestle and Nike in the 1990s and The Body Shop in the recent tim es (Crane, Matten, 2007, Pp. 421 - 423). Thus over and above the legal consequences, the companies are at risk of losing their brand image and garnering a bad reputation among the public, thus having a serious negative impact on their competitive positioning the industry translating into huge financial losses.

Jungle Fever Essay Example for Free

Jungle Fever Essay Jungle Fever is a motion picture that is centered on two people who hail from two different races. Flipper Purify, a highly educated, successful architect of African-American descent, and Angie Tucci, an Italian American who is recently hired as a secretary in the architectural firm where Angie is in a relationship with a man named Paulie Carbone who manages a local candy shop. One mere glance at each other and their hearts were already beating in a manner like never before. Flipper, denied of partnership rights by two of his Caucasian superiors, is the firms most promising talent. As for Angie, Flipper is a furnished man with additional decorations, an educated man with a sense of decency and dignity. The tension begins when the two realized that there is a mutual romantic attraction between them. Unfortunately, they have huge issues as the consequences of their interracial affair are tragic. Flipper was casted out of their home, while Angie is barbarically manhandled by her father. The two move out of their homes and lived together in their own abode. Implications interracial sexuality The logic of the film is mainly about issues that are encountered in life but not formally settled. Though the film depicts brutal honesty about life and the prejudiced mindset of people, the fidelity of the scenes to actual situations are pulled off without flaw. The primary mutual attraction between the two evidently shows the films message. The difference on the lives between Flipper and Angie are broadly depicted yet the feel is still present. The film gives out anxious interracial sexual concerns as marked on the instances wherein the lovers families violently reacted to their infatuation-fed affair. The reactions of opposing partys focused on the characteristics of the lovers racial deficiencies, rather than the given fact that they both have relationships. Furthermore the movie depicts the blatant path of devastation of interracial relationships, be it sexual or romantic, brought about by sexual delusions and cultural differences

The Immigrants in Breath, Eyes, Memory :: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays

Immigrants   Breath, Eyes, Memory  Ã‚      Having to move to another country is not an east task because you are leaving behind everyone that you know since you are a little kid. Sophie was experiencing this because now she must drop everything and jump in a plane to reunited with her mother which she only have heard her voice. Haiti and Tante Atie was all Sophie knew, the freedom that she had to run around or just play with kids from across the street while the hot sun is kicking in. Tante Atie for Sophie was the mother that she always wanted; a mother that would wait for her outside when she returned from school or a mother that would tell her stories when she couldn't fall asleep. This will soon change when one-day plane tickets arrive and everything that was familiar to her was no longer there. Sophie was now in a new country with a mother that was also new to her. She now most learn English and at the same time maintain a fluent Creole. But the most difficult thing is to get use to New York and her new surroundings because you no longer can be running around in the street and your parents are working day and night. There is no more freedom until you become an American (meaning more independent an liberal) in from of your mother eyes. I can relate to this novel a lot because I came to this country when I was eleven years old and I had to leave my grand parents, my father and my friends behind for a new life with my mother. It was a big change because I no longer could go outside and play baseball with my friends instead I most stay in and play Nintendo. I couldn't speak with some people in my school because I did not speak English nor did I understand the language. I had to work hard to understand and speak English, I used to always go to McDonalds and order the food, this was a way for me to practice or volunteer to go to the deans office to drop or to pick up something. At the beginning was hard but my friends were supportive but there were times when people try to put me down because of my heavy accent, at that point I wanted to loss my accent but I learn that my accent is part of who I am.

Eric Holder

Eric Holder: Research Paper In the field of criminal justice, there have been many contributions from leaders throughout the peak of history. Various forms of influential people have graced America in determination of creating a fairer nation. All through his career Eric H. Holder Jr. has worked, and still is working, diligently to improve the criminal justice system, especially the equality of African- Americans. Born on January 21, 1951, in The Bronx Borough of New York City, Holder is the son of Eric and Miriam Holder. Attorney General Holder grew up in East Elmhurst, Queens and attended public school up until the age of ten where in the fourth grade, was chosen to be in the gifted and talented program. He went on to attend Stuyvesant School in Manhattan, Columbia University, and later Columbia Law School in which he attained his Juris Doctor in 1976. After law school, Eric Holder joined the U. S Justice Department latest Public Integrity Section, which lasted for 12 years. It was there that he helped in the prosecution of Congressman John Jenrette for bribery. In 1993 Holder stepped down from his appointment by President Ronald Regan of being a judge for the Superior Court of the District of Columbia in order to accept President Clinton’s appointment for U. S. Attorney of District of Columbia, in which he oversaw the conclusion of the corruption case involving Dan Rostenkowski , part of the Congressional Post Office Scandal (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Eric_Holder). Mr. Holder’s career didn’t stop there, he was then moved up to Deputy Attorney General in 1997 under Janet Reno. He was the first African American to hold that position. During his confirmation hearing, Holder's opposition to the death penalty was questioned, but he pledged his intention to cooperate with the current laws and Attorney General Janet Reno, saying, â€Å"I am not a proponent of the death penalty, but I will enforce the law as this Congress gives it to us† (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Eric_Holder). During his time in the Clinton Administration, Eric was â€Å"under fire† for doing his job and admits that some of the choices he made was a mistake. Eric Holder gained even more attention when he was hired by Covington & Burling in 2001. He represented the National Football League during the dog fighting investigation of Michael Vick and in 2004 represented Chiquita Brands International in a civil lawsuit after helping negotiate an agreement. In 2008, Holder joined the Reno-led amicus brief, which urged the Supreme Court to uphold Washington, D. C. ‘s handgun ban and said the position of the Department of Justice, from Franklin Roosevelt through Bill Clinton, was that the Second Amendment does not protect an individual right to keep and bear arms for purposes unrelated to a State’s operation of a well-regulated militia. Holder said that overturning the 1976 law â€Å"opens the door to more people having more access to guns and putting guns on the streets† (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Eric_Holder). In 2007, Holder became a fervent member of Barack Obama’s Campaign as a senior legal adviser and served on the committee for selection of vice president. His platforms are similar to those of Barack Obama such as the closing of Guantanamo Bay detention camp, the opposition of the Bush administration to implement the Patriot Act, and have been decisive of U. S torturing policy and NSA warantless surveillance program. In December 2008, Eric Holder was announced as Obama’a nominee of Attorney General. He was formally nominated on January 20, 2009 and approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee on January 28, 2009 (http://thomas. loc. gov/cgi-bin /ntquery/z? nomis: 111PN0006407). Following his confirmation by the full Senate on February 2, 2009, he became the first African American Attorney General of the United States of America (http://news. yahoo. com/s/ap/holder_confirmation). He is married to obstetrician, Sharon Malone, in which he has three children with.

Immigration During the Industrial Revolution

Immigration during the Industrial Revolution Immigration was a huge part of the industrial revolution, some migrated legal, some illegal. Either way, many immigrants came to the United States searching for a dream, the American dream to be precise. This leads to the question; Why did people immigrate to America? There can be many answers to this question, but some of the most important answers are: political, others economic, while yet others religious, whatever the case was, the United States became a mix of different cultures.However, the main reason for immigration was because of the â€Å"Industrial Revolution† Industrial Revolution is basically the changes in industry from the 18th century to the 19th century that started in Britain and then other Western European countries and spread to the Unites States. Without the growth in Industry however, Many Immigrants cannot migrate to the United States. For example without the technology improvements in shipbuilding, many ships could not make it past the long journey through the ocean.The industrial revolution gave many Immigrants the chance to travel to the United States where they were able to get jobs working in railroads, factories, potato picking, or any other jobs industries enabled them to do. In the 1750’s, most people in Europe lived on small farms and made most of their needs by hand. As the industrial revolution started, many people lived in cities and most of their needs were produced by complicated machines. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread to Belgium, France, Germany, the United States and Japan.It was an important change in the way goods were produced, and improved the way people lived. The Industrial Revolution is a major turning point in world history. I’m sure by now you are asking What caused industrial revolution? Agricultural Revolution or farming revolution was a change in farming methods that allowed greater production of food. This huge chan ge was caused by the use of new farming technology such as seed drill (Machine that plants seeds) and improved fertilizers. The outcome of this farming change was higher access of food.The enclosure Movement also forced people into Industrial Revolution for example; farmers who worked in the farming industry where replaced by farming machines and where left homeless forced to find new jobs in the industrial revolution. Big business was also a change that created Mass Production. Mass Production shifted people from production at home, to production in large factories in cities. Mass production also allowed for lower prices on the good produced. In 1892, the government made an immigration station on Ellis Island, in a bay between New York and Jersey City, New Jersey.Every day, hundreds or even thousands of people arrived by boat and pass through inspections as they arrived, potential immigrants were escorted through a quick health exam. As immigrants climbed up a set of stairs, offici als watched for symptoms of illnesses, heavy breathing, and signs of mental disturbances. These were indications that the person might not be able to find or maintain a job. Doctors then gave a â€Å"six second physical† and checked for diseases, including a contagious eye infection called trachoma.Sick people were sent to a hospital on Ellis Island to be treated, and escorted through the same immigration process again. After the physical checkup, potential immigrants were asked a series of questions by immigration inspectors. Life as an immigrant in the U. S was not all that great. First, they had to learn English for many immigrants; they had to put up with going to school and at the same time working which was very exhausting in a situation like this. No one put up signs or notices in other languages for them. This is why learning English was the most important process.Then, they had to get work, because the government didn't give money to anyone. They had to earn it thems elves! No one cut them any breaks if you were a different nationality. The Italians and Irish were especially subject to cruelty and where paid less sometimes because of their nationality. Swedish and German immigrants: many of these made their way to Wisconsin and Minnesota. They established dairy farms, in particular, and also grew wheat. In this part of the country, there are hundreds of Lutheran churches that they founded, as most of these immigrants were, if not Lutheran, Protestants.In conclusion, many immigrants migrated to the United States for various reasons and went through the hardest situations to live the American dream. Some immigrants where successful and managed to live their dreams as an American but others struggled through the hardest situations and went through cruelty and discrimination. All of this was caused by nothing more than the changes in the industrial revolution and the huge impact on many people that had to migrate to places like cities to not be affe cted by this change.

Definition and Purpose of a Heterogeneous Class

Definition and Purpose of a Heterogeneous Class Heterogeneous groups  in educational settings include students from a wide range of instructional levels. The practice of assigning mixed groups of students to shared classrooms stems from the education precept that positive interdependence develops when students of varying achievement work together and help each other reach educational goals. Heterogeneous groups contrast  directly with homogeneous groups, in which all students perform at roughly the same instructional level. Examples of Heterogeneous Groups A teacher may deliberately pair low-, medium-, and high-level readers (as measured by reading assessments) together in a heterogeneous group to read and analyze a given text together. This type of cooperative group can improve outcomes for all of the students as the advanced readers can tutor their lower-performing peers. Rather than putting gifted students, average students, and special-needs students in separate classrooms, school administrators may divide students into classes with a relatively even distribution of abilities and needs. Teachers may then further divide the group during instructional periods using either the heterogeneous or homogeneous model. Advantages For students of lesser ability, being included in a heterogeneous group rather than pigeonholed into a homogeneous group reduces their risk of being stigmatized. And labels that classify academic skill can become self-fulfilling prophecies as teachers may lower expectations for students in special-needs classrooms. They may not challenge those students to perform well and may rely on limited curriculum that restricts exposure to concepts some students could, in fact, learn. A heterogeneous group gives advanced students a chance to mentor their peers. All members of the group may interact more to help each other understand the concepts being taught. Disadvantages Students, parents, and teachers may prefer to work in a homogeneous group or be part of a homogeneous classroom. They may see an educational advantage or just feel more comfortable working with peers of similar ability. Advanced students in a heterogeneous group may at times feel forced into a leadership role they do not want. Rather than learning new concepts at their own speed, they must slow down to assist other students or curtail their own study to proceed at the rate of the whole class. In a heterogeneous grouping, advanced students may take the role of co-teacher, rather than advancing their own skills. Students of lesser abilities may fall behind in a heterogeneous group and may be criticized for slowing the rate of the whole class or group. In a study or work group, unmotivated or academically challenged students may be ignored rather than assisted by their peers. Management of a Heterogeneous Classroom Teachers need to remain aware and recognize when a heterogeneous grouping does not function properly for a student at any level. Teachers should support advanced students by supplying additional academic challenges and help students who fall behind receive the assistance they need to catch up. And students in the middle of a heterogeneous group face the risk of getting lost in the shuffle as the teacher concentrates on the special needs of students at either end of the spectrum.

Liquid and Other Types of Lunch

Liquid and Other Types of Lunch Liquid and Other Types of Lunch Liquid and Other Types of Lunch By Maeve Maddox Until recently, I’d assumed that lunch was a clipping of luncheon. Come to find out, the words originated separately. According to the OED, luncheon is of uncertain origin, but lunch is thought to have come from Spanish lonja, â€Å"a slice.† Both luncheon and lunch first referred to a thick piece of something, such as â€Å"a hunk of bread.† In time, both words came to mean â€Å"a light repast between mealtimes.† On the Ngram Viewer, lunch and luncheon cruise along in tandem until about 1880, when lunch pulls ahead. Luncheon peaks in the 1920s and then declines. By then, some middle class speakers had come to believe that lunch was a slang word derived from luncheon and complained about its use by the younger generation. Both words still refer to a meal lighter than dinner, but now have markedly different connotations. A Google search shows 625,000,000 results for lunch compared to 43,200,000 for luncheon. The latter has acquired connotations of formality and a kind of prissiness that do not attach to lunch. One â€Å"has lunch† but â€Å"attends a luncheon.† A Web search suggests a certain gender bias: â€Å"ladies’ luncheon† brings 374,000 results compared to 34,900 for â€Å"men’s luncheon.† The word lunch has found its way into several idioms. out to lunch A person who is â€Å"out to lunch† is unaware of what is going on around him: One [presidential] candidate is simply out to lunch, unaware until recently that there was even such a thing as Common Core. to lose one’s lunch â€Å"To lose one’s lunch† is â€Å"to throw up or vomit†: Once  the sight  would have  made me lose my lunch, but it didnt anymore. Was it a bad sign that I didnt throw up on the corpses anymore? to eat your lunch To have someone â€Å"eat your lunch† is â€Å"to be soundly defeated in some competition†: If you don’t develop a marketing strategy, your competitors will eat your lunch. no such thing as a free lunch All services, gifts, and ostensibly generous gestures will have hidden costs that the recipient must pay in the end: On the Internet, as elsewhere in life, there is  no such thing as a free lunch. [Free or low-cost online services need to be paid for somehow.] liquid lunch A â€Å"liquid lunch† is a â€Å"midday meal that leads to drunkenness.† An alarming 76 per cent of employees are coming back to work drunk after taking a â€Å"liquid lunch,† according to a new survey. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive AtFor Sale vs. On Sale40 Words Beginning with "Para-"

Bills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bills - Assignment Example It is the responsibility of the US as a nation to prevent racial discrimination and to ensure better functionality of the legal system. Introduction The United States (US) is considered as one of the most racially diverse democratic countries in the world. Yet, the improvement of economic prosperity is not shared uniformly across the country. At present, the US communities have become relegated and a key aspect of relegation is unequal treatment of persons of different race that takes place incrementally across the entire range of the US criminal justice system. This racial inequality encourages public distrust in the criminal justice system and also obstructs the capability to assure public safety. Several individuals who are engaged in criminal justice system are intensely conscious regarding the issue of racial disparity and the way to counteract it (The Sentencing Project, 2008). In the year 2009, the Congress introduced a bill named H.R. 1412, the Justice and Integrity Act with the intention of addressing any unwarranted racial and ethnic disparity in the criminal justice system and also to enhance the public confidence in the justice system (The Library of Congress, 2010). Focusing on this aspect, the report is intended to discuss the racial disparities in the criminal justice system of the US so that the H.R. ... These discrepancies tend to widen rather than narrow the justice system. The level of discrepancy during the time of arrest does not stay stagnant for the successive phases of the justice system. The discrepancy accumulates as an individual goes deeper into the justice system (Hartney & Vuong, 2009). In accordance with the study of Weich & Angulo (1997), the disparity in the criminal justice system in the US had started at the initial phase. Quite frequently, police divisions unreasonably aim at minorities as criminal suspects. Police officers also implement different tactics against minorities which simply can shudder the integrity of the criminal justice system. The study of Weich & Angulo (1997) found racial disparity in the US criminal justice system. According to their study in Maryland, during 1995 to 1997, 70% drivers who were stopped and investigated by the police belonged to black community, where white men consisted of only 17.5%. Similarly in Florida, it has also been obse rved that in 1992, 70% people who were stopped on a specific highway belonged to black and Hispanic community and only 5% were whites. Furthermore, minorities were also found to be detained for longer time period in comparison with white men. On the basis of a study conducted by ABC news program in the year 1992, where two vehicles had been examined in which one was occupied with white men and the other one was occupied with black men. These vehicles were directed at the same road, with same vehicle model and at the same speed. However, it has been observed that the vehicle occupied with black males was stopped by the police multiple times, whereas the vehicle occupying white males was not stopped once (Weich & Angulo, 1997). The statistics of The

Mazda Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mazda - Case Study Example We need to form some kind of emotional link to the product. In determining a brand, there is the need to differentiate from others or form a shorthand logo, position ourselves or have an integrated strategy, and create a personality and vision while adding value. In this paper, it will be discussed as to how Mazda has formed that link with us and how their marketing program has created a brand that tells us who they are and why we should buy their car. Mazda has a very unique shorthand Logo. According to Mazda Zoom Zoom is1 shorthand for the love of exhilarating movement that we all have. It is the imagination we have about a car moving quickly down the road. They use the emotions we had as children in seeing a fast car and wanting to be part of that. Zoom Zoom is a promise that we will feel special when we get in any car built by Mazda. It is definitely different than any other company and when you hear Zoom Zoom, you think only of Mazda which is what is meant to happen. Zoom Zoom just sounds like fun when you say it. When Mazda began to reposition itself, it needed to change its strategy. It now had to be positioned as a hip, cool, and fun to drive car. It is also positioned to be a great car for young females who are professionals, according to the case study. Now we have a car that is fun to drive by the young who identify them through their cars and we are using the logo Zoom Zoom which is something we all said as children when we thought of anything fun that moved us from one place to another. There is, of course, another group that is touched by this phrase or logo. Older adults, especially the baby boomer age have always been involved with cars. That group of people has retired and is retiring in a completely different way than any other group before them.2 Zoom Zoom means fun and Mazda has positioned itself to absorb those customers. They do not see themselves as old like the generations before them. Instead they see themselves as headed for another adventure and Zoom Zoom fits all the co rds. Mazda's position is certainly related to the fun already mentioned however; it plays to several types of personality. Let's take the Mazda RX 8 for example. It is a classic yet quick sportster that has a distinctive look and room in the back seat. So it is a commuter car that is fun to drive, kid-friendly, and a weekend toy. What more could you ask for It has a 247 horsepower motor that runs at 9,000 rpms. It accelerates quickly and stops fast. What more could you possibly ask for and who in their right mind would not buy this car The personality is one of fun and yet able to handle responsibility just like the personality of their trucks is one of power and towing capacity but at the same time rugged and comfortable. Mazda has quite a vision. 3 They promise to always build cars that are fun to drive and will provide high levels of environmental performance and safety performance. They believe that their Zoom Zoom brand is sustainable and they will plan to continue to use it over the long term. The envision that they will continue to work on technology and develop cars that create great driving performance as well as provide great interior environments and safety. They believe their cars will always be fun to drive and make you want to drive them again. They have as part of their vision that they w

Gentlemans Agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gentlemans Agreement - Essay Example For example, if an employee at a company says they will get you a job and you have nothing to worry about, this is an example of a gentleman's agreement. However if they are unable to get you the job then you have no legal recourse" (Free Dictionary, 2008, pg. 1). The Law Encyclopedia (2008, pg. 1) says that "Although agreements between individuals often create legally binding commitments, instances may arise in which mutual promises yield no legally enforceable agreement. Sometimes called "gentlemen's agreements," parties may honor them because moral obligations compel observance or because future relations will be more difficult if the present arrangement is broken. International organizations likewise may depend on such informal arrangements so as to maintain comity among members" and that "Occasionally the enabling treaties that create an international organization will leave some procedural or voting matter unresolved. Rather than amend the formal document, which is usually a difficult task, an informal working agreement will develop to resolve a particular problem.

Influence of Culture on Multinational Companies

Influence of Culture on Multinational Companies Abstract This report provides with the evidence for deriving the analysis on the cultural influence on the multinational corporations while dealing with the cross-national markets. On the basis of the world famous cross-cultural expert, Geert Hofstedes elements of culture, the report has been guided for making the proper analysis of the example taken i.e. LOreal, which has been taken for supporting the activities performed by the corporation to deal with the cultural differences in various international markets. This report is commissioned by Rumorama Banking Corporation. The report is intended for internal use only and is specific to the factors regarding the adoption of online banking. The internal use is primarily as a managerial guide to the marketing and commercial targets of Rumorama Banking Corporation. 1.0 Introduction Culture It is the set of values, beliefs, rules, and institutions held by a specific group of people. It is learned and shared by common category people and the elements of culture are interconnected. Group boundaries are well defined by the culture. Each large culture may contain some subcultures having the same context. Culture influences the decision making, impacts the management in strategic activities and also the negotiations. Ethnocentricity is a belief that ones own culture is universally superior to others. (Hofstede, 1982) Elements of Culture Aesthetics sense of beauty and good taste Art, color, symbols, music, folklore Attitudes and beliefs Time, directness, achievement, work, change Manners (appropriate behavior) and customs (traditional behaviors) Education Literacy, science, math, trades, management Legal and political system Secular versus religious Free or not free Planned versus laissez-faire Societal organization Family structure, in-laws, extended family, divorce Class mobility Associations by age, gender, common interests, or otherwise Language and communication Verbal and non-verbal Gestures and body language Office size and closed versus open doors Conversational distance Touching Protecting traditional languages 2.0 Background 2.1 Elements of Culture Observed by Hofstede Individualism versus collectivism High/low power distance High/low uncertainty avoidance Desire for achievement/affiliation Long/short time horizon 2.2 Affects of culture on business: Culture has an impact on nearly all the functions of the management i.e. from finance to marketing to HR to IT. Culture is the major factor which decides whether establishing a business in foreign land will be an easy or difficult task by considering various cultural differences. The work ethics of the business will vary with different country leading to a major change in the work structure. Need Hierarchy Lower-order needs must be fulfilled prior to higher-order needs Workers in poor countries motivated by lower-order needs People from different countries or cultures may rank needs differently 5 dimensions of culture are: Power Distance Cultures are ranked high or low on this dimensions based on that societys ability to deal with inequalities, power, authority. Individualism vs. Collectivism Cultures are ranked on their orientation towards intersocietal relationships: Individualistic societies: loose ties, individual achievement and freedom In social orientation the relative importance of the interests of the individual is high in the individualism and the interests of the individual take precedence. And in power orientation the appropriateness of power/authority within organizations is high and in respect of power the authority is inherent in ones position within a hierarchy. Collectivist societies: tight ties, tend to be more relationship-oriented In social orientation the relative importance of the interests of the group is low in the collectivism, the interest of the group take precedence and in the power orientation the appropriateness power/authority within organizations is also low, regarding the power tolerance the individuals assess authority in view of its perceived rightness or their own personal interests. Masculinity vs. Femininity Cultures view relationship between gender and work role: goal orientation. High (masculine: aggressive goal value material possessions, money, and assertiveness) {goal orientation What motivates people to achieve different goals} Low (feminine: passive goal value social relevance quality of life, and the welfare of others Uncertainty Avoidance Cultures are ranked on extent that they accept ambiguous situations and tolerate uncertainty: risk issues. Low (uncertainty acceptance) positive response to change and new opportunities {uncertainty orientation an emotional response to uncertainty and change} High (uncertainty avoidance) Prefer structure and a consistent routine Long Term vs. Short Term orientation Classification of culture or attributes of culture or segmentation of culture or culture model Elements of culture: rituals, religion, aesthetic, social institution, symbols, thought processes, lifestyle, food, values, languages 2.3 Multicultural challenges in international business today Multinational corporations, increasingly recognize that success in global marketplace depends, to a large degree, on the employees ability to deal in the international arena (Prof. Tapio Varis, University of Tampere) Ability to relate to ourselves and to other different people is used increasingly as a measurement when deciding between the applicants who will get a job. Many national corporations also agree that maximum efficiency in the workplace depends on high diversity competence (every person has possibility to use his/her special personal motivation and multidimensional ability) and good ethnic relations among their employees (Prof. Pekka Auvinen, Seinà ¤joki Polytechnic). International Standardization Organization ISO team (2006) is preparing a community based responsibility standard ISO 26  000 which emphasizes labours well-being and development. The name of the document will be International Standard Proving Guidelines for Social Responsibility. It will be published in 2008 and will take into consideration issues dealt with in this course. In business culture we do not take into consideration emotions the changing processes do not happen in practice (Hargreaves, 1998). 3.0 LOreal example for showing the cultural impact in foreign markets As seen in the theoretical and the empirical part, culture is one of the elements which influence the consumer behaviour, what can impact on the firm strategy. The aim of a research done by the LOreal is to understand the influence of culture on the consumer behaviour in international markets and to explain in what ways the consumer behaviour is influencing adaptation strategy investigating LOreal Paris in the Asian Zone (Japan, South Korea and PRC) in order to determine if cultural differences influence LOreal Paris adaptation strategy for its products and promotion. 3.1 Analyzing the LOreal case with Hofstedes study on elements of culture This hierarchy of needs can be linked to the individualism versus collectivism Hofstedes dimension. Indeed China and South Korea are highly collectivist and Japan is moderately collectivist. Thus the motivation of people will depend more on the other members of the group. Masculinity versus femininity Hofstedes dimension can also play a role in the motivation. Japan is a very masculine country, PRC is in the average and South Korea has more feminine values. The motivation of Japanese may have more feminine values like family or well being. The uncertainty avoidance dimension is another important factor of influence in the motivation. It evaluates the ability to incur a risk. Japan and South Korea people have high score; they need for a lot of information in order to feel secure. They look for quality in each detail like the packaging. They listen to the advice of the salespersons in the shops to be sure that the product is adapted to them. At the opposite, Chinese people, who have a lower score, are not afraid by the decision-making. 3.2 Some of the changes in LOreals business activities due to change in culture, differentiating their marketing or promotional activities: 1) As it is mentioned in the empirical finding, Asian and European people have different ways of speaking. Asian people are vaguer, indirect and pay heed not to offence people whereas European people are most direct. Being frank will be well perceived in European but not accepted in Asia. 3) for example, in Asian cultures, lot of subjects belong to the private sphere and are not supposed to be broached in public situations. 4) Asian countries are more neutral than affective. They do not show their feelings and give the impression of controlling themselves. This tendency is confirmed by the fact that Japan and PRC have a high masculinity level, what highlights the fact of hiding emotions. However, Korean people have a lower masculinity index. That shows the difficulty of treating all the countries of the Asian zone in the same way. 5) The last element is the relationship people have with the brand- , firm- and country-image. For example, France has a luxury image in Asia and LOreal Paris a quality one. This superposition of values may create a positive attribute for LOreal Paris when launching products in Asia market. This image is different in the Asian zone. Chineses and Koreans prefer this brand because they consider that France is well known for cosmetics, on the contrary, Japaneses are more suspicious and think that it is not a Japanese brand and that is not a product especially made for them. 6) The physical canons are different. It is well seen in Asia to have a white skin. Thus, LOreal Paris adapts its products to the perception of beauty. In Asia, foundations have a very light colour and contain a special molecule in order for the skin not to tan. This tendency is a bit different in PRC where cultural influences are more American oriented, what implies darker colours utilization. 7) In Asian countries, it must have simple shapes and colours. In order for the customer to perceive the packaging in a more friendly way, LOreal Paris adapts shapes and colours. 8) Because made in France has a luxury image, it was easier to gain credibility in Asian countries when LOreal launched LOreal Paris there. However, since Asian people (especially Japanese and South Korean) think they are different and need adapted products, LOreal Paris played with the sourcing effect. It created factories in China and in Japan to do researches and sell more adapted products. 9) LOreal Paris has different advertisements with Asian top model in addition to western one. The aim, once again, is to create an international LOreal Paris but with Japanese values in Japan, Korean values in South Korea and Chinese values in PRC. The brand uses local models. Women can identify to them since they share the same physical characteristics, they have the same culture and the same nationality. Conclusion The Asian market has its own specificities and its own culture. The way people perceive the product or the promotion, the way they motivate their choice or purchase is unique and LOreal Paris adapts many of its products elements in that way. First, about the product, LOreal Paris changes some physical aspects like the colours of the product (perception)* or the formulation (self concept, group influence)*. It also adapts the packaging attributes putting more details to the quality or the aesthetic aspect (perception)* and highlighting the luxury image of the brand (brand-and country-image)* thanks to a more Zen and simple packaging. Moreover, the service attributes appear in a more obvious way in the Asian zone (uncertainty avoidance, purchase)*. There, the salespersons are especially trained to answer all the questions possible (learning and memory)* about the molecule of the product or the way of using it, and they advice the customers in the most technical way (uncertainty avoidan ce)* thanks to some special programmes helping to know more about the specificities of each skin. The point of sales is also adapted with a more luxurious and personal concept (motivation, perception)* and the symbolic attributes are taken into account in the colours range (perception)* which is lighter. The promotion is adapted to the consumer behaviour differences too. LOreal Paris uses local top-model to enable people to recognize their own country in the advertisements. It creates some special web sites for the countries (self concept, perception)*. Moreover, in china, LOreal Paris adapts its promotion to the fact that Chinese expect more information about how to use the products (attitude towards change)* To conclude and to answer our research question, culture differences may influence LOreal Paris adaptation strategy for the make-up products and their promotion. The following model shows the elements of culture used (unconsciously or not) by LOreal Paris for its adaptation strategy, physical attributes, packaging, service attributes, symbolic attributes and promotion.

The Murders In The Rue Morgue Essay -- essays research papers fc

In Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Murders in the Rue Morgue†, a crucial statement is declared about how he views the inner workings of men, as well as how men interact with women in society. The narrative is based around the horrific murder of two defenseless women, which seems to have been committed by a mystery â€Å"beast†. Poe demonstrates the primitive violent forces that exist within people, particularly men, which have the ability to escape in shocking ways, often against a woman. Poe uses violence as a negative, inhumane act, in order to reinforce the innate brutal impulses that are just under the surface of all male beings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poe describes where the â€Å"Ourang-Outang† was originally taken from, with intent to embody the primitive undeveloped qualities in man. After being taken from an Indian Archipelago, Borneo, the Ourang-Outang is brought back to Paris, where he begins to obtain human characteristics simply by watching his master and learning through imitation. An example of this would be when the sailor comes back to his room and finds the Ourang-Outang â€Å"Razor in hand, and fully lathered, [it was] sitting before the looking-glass, attempting the operation of shaving, in which it had no doubt previously watched its master though the key-hole of the closet.†(Poe 120) When the beast becomes terrified, and escapes with the razor still in his hand, he is depicting the idea of a man’s inner â€Å"beast† getting loose when he fears a situation. During the scene when the Ourang-Outang â€Å"was flourishing the razor about her [Madame L’Espanayeâ₠¬â„¢s] face, imitating the motions of a barber†(121), the beast is thinking just like a human man. He is even using a human tool in order to commit these atrocious murders, which is indicative of Poe’s notion that all men are capable of performing horrible deeds at a time when their animalistic impulses take over.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is a stark contrast presented between civilized behavior and the primitive behavior that these slaughters suggest. The murders are so horrid and revolting that it does not seem conceivable that a human would have the ability to do the things that were done. Some of the evidence collected from the murder site included, â€Å" two or three long and thin tresses of gray human hair that seemed to have been pulled out by the roots.† (99) Likewise, â€Å"the body [of the old lady], as... ...e power. In society, it is the cerebral beings that are looked at strangely by others, which is declared by Poe when he says, â€Å"had the routine of our life at this place been known to the world, we should have been regarded as madmen-although, perhaps, as madmen of a harmless nature.† (95) Here he is desperately trying to show the immense divergence in the inner workings of a man’s mind, which he does quite well with the Ourang-Outang representing man, as well as having Dupin, a genius, solving the crime committed. Dupin is the epitome of civilization, while in direct contrast is the beast, whom is completely barbaric and uncivilized. Throughout the tale, Poe is able to show how all men have animalistic impulses deep down, while demonstrating how these rages are often taken out on defenseless women. He then goes on to show the contrast between man as civilized and logical, against man as uncultured and thoughtless. Poe demonstrates how either type of man can exist, yet poses the question of whether it is possible for both characteristics to be exhibited simultaneously in a single man. Works Cited 1. Poe, Edgar Allan. Selected Tales. New York: Oxford University Press Inc., 1998.

Paradise Lost vs Genesis Essay

In the book of Genesis 3:1-6, the passage teaches the story of how Satan tempts Eve into causing the act that leads to the â€Å"fall of mankind†. Of this biblical account, is where John Milton gained inspiration for the idea of is work, Paradise Lost. Milton’s storyline and broad array of imagery portray the tale in a different light than that told in the Bible. While both accounts of â€Å"the fall†, are used to convey the same story and outcome, the two versions share some comparative similarities and many contrasting differences. In the biblical account of â€Å"the fall†, the dialogue shared between Satan and Eve is less developed and vague in detail than that of Milton’s tale. Satan’s approach of Eve is much more upfront and less personal in meaning. He quickly takes hold of the topic of the â€Å"forbidden fruit†. His character is shown with a much shallower depth of knowledge towards Eve. He uses a more 2-dimesional approach to tempt Eve to eat from the tree that God has forbidden her and Adam to eat from. He is shown to have a lack of cunning, and directly disproves and belittles Eve’s fears of eating from the tree with a lack of creativity and slyness. As the story continues, Eve is finally won over by temptation and eats from the tree. The story is left at that moment. John Milton’s â€Å"Paradise Lost† tells this same tale with a few changes in detail. Satan’s initial approach of Eve is much more complex than that shown in the biblical version. Satan uses charm and flattery to woe Eve’s trust towards his word, rather that to that of the word of God. With Eve’s wariness of his gestures, he then refers to her figure as that of a â€Å"goddess† and continues to exemplify her beauty, which in turn, soothes Eve’s doubts. During their conversation, the two exchange dialogue that, to the reader, gives a more in depth and illustrative look at what Satan is attempting to convey to Eve. Instead of simply disproving Eve’s fears of the consequences of eating from the tree, He lies and portrays himself as a living example of God’s false threats of death. This portraying by Satan leads Eve to yearn for the wisdom and knowledge that Satan promises when the forbidden fruit is consumed. From the text â€Å"So gloz’d the Tempter, and his Proem tun’d;? Into the Heart of Eve his words made way†, shows how Satan’s words attract Eve’s attention and do in fact woe her heart. After this temptation, Eve eats from the tree, and Milton uses intense imagery to describe events that come after this event. Milton describes how Earth feels the wound of Eve’s sin. Eve’s inner emotions are brought to light with her disobedience to God. She becomes worried of Adam’s reaction of this act against God, and fears she will be replaced. Her fear of being disowned by Adam comes before her fear of God. This is her prime reasoning for wanting to share the fruit with Adam. While the two versions of the same story differ to some degree, the similarities are equally noticeable. There is no question that there was, in fact, some sort of dialogue shared between Satan and Eve. In both accounts, Satan disguises himself in the form of a serpent. In this form is where he approaches Eve and begins to woe her from her promise to not eat from the forbidden fruit. Both stories convey the same outcome of this event by Eve sharing the fruit with Adam. By examining these two works, it’s easy to notice the aspect that Milton used to convey his story to the reader. Milton’s account of the â€Å"fall of man† uses broad imagery and creative story telling, but its meaning still shares some of the same qualities of the biblical version told in Genesis 3:1-6. While both accounts of â€Å"the fall† convey the same overall outcome and meaning, some aspects of the stories compare and contrast greatly.

Emily Dickinson Essay

American poet, Emily Dickinson, is a great example of the transition from the wordy Romantic style of writing to literary transcendentalism. Dickinson’s elliptical style and compact phrases are heavily exemplified in her poem 1577(1545), â€Å"The Bible is an antique Volume. † This piece is full of satire as the speaker questions society’s blind obedience to Christianity and ultimately suggests the embracing of a new religion. The speaker gracefully degrades the Bible’s right as the solitary means to interpret humanity and proposes that the audience finds something new to believe. In the first line, the metaphor referring the Bible as merely â€Å"an antique volume† speaks volumes. Dictionary. com defines volume in this context as, â€Å"a collection of written or printed sheets bound together and constituting a book. † The speaker views the Bible as an â€Å"antique† anthological collection of stories that can be priced rather than the acronym –Basic Instructions Before Leaving Earth. In the second and third lines, the validity of the authors of the Bible is questioned. Faded Men† and â€Å"at the suggestion of Holy Spectres† connotes the men where told what to write and didn’t experience that life themselves. These lines, and the entire poem, are mostly bereft of the elaborate syntax communal in Dickinson’s other poems. Those familiar with biblical persons understand the significance of Satan, Judas, and David and the impact of their roles in the Christian faith. As a Christian reader, the simplicity of the lines, â€Å"Satan—the Brigadier, Judas—the Great Defaulter, David—the Troubadour†, reduces the persons’ history. Although the descriptions denote some truth, there is more to them than that. Satan, the â€Å"prince of the air (Ephesians 2:2)†, is responsible for tempting Eve into eating the forbidden fruit hence leading to man’s â€Å"distinguished precipice. † David wasn’t just a psalmist, he was one of Israel’s greatest kings and he is part of Jesus’ lineage. Dickinson’s literary genius foreshadows what is happening in the twenty-first century. Today, being a Christian isn’t popular and life is harder for teenagers and young adults. This is demonstrated perfectly in â€Å"Boys that â€Å"believe† are very lonesome†. Believers can’t do what nonbelievers are doing without being convicted (1 Peter 1:14- As obedient children, do not conform to the evil desires you had when you lived in ignorance). The nonbelievers are â€Å"lost† and don’t know any better. Traditional churches push the â€Å"lost† farther away because of the hypocrisy and arbitrariness of renowned religious leaders. The holier-than –thou leaders are the worst offenders because they are doing what they teach will â€Å"condemn† you. As a result, â€Å"Orpheus’ Sermon captivated† and Christianity is shunned. Both atheists and Christians can appreciate the theme of this poem- everyone has to believe in something. Hebrews 11:1 defines faith best as â€Å"the substance of things hoped for and the evidence of things not seen. † Unless a person has a personal relationship with God, they won’t really understand the meaning of faith- the essence of Christianity. The speaker encourages readers to not rely solely on what they are told but to challenge it and learn for their self.